Influence of cider‐making process parameters on the odourant volatile composition of hard ciders |
| |
Authors: | Angélique Villière Gaëlle Arvisenet Rémi Bauduin Jean‐Michel Le Quéré Thierry Sérot |
| |
Affiliation: | 1. ONIRIS, Nantes‐Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Science, UMR GEPEA CNRS 6144, Nantes, France;2. Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, France;3. Institut Fran?ais des Productions Cidricoles, Le Rheu, France;4. UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions et Assemblages, Equipe Polyphénols, Réactivité and Procédés, INRA, Le Rheu, France |
| |
Abstract: | This study was performed to explore the relationships between some parameters of the French cider‐making process and the odourant compounds of cider. Sixteen ciders were prepared on a pilot plant scale using experimental design and varying according to apple blends, pressing conditions, pre‐fermentation clarification implementation and conditions, and biomass reduction during fermentation. Odourant compounds were extracted from final ciders by headspace solid‐phase microextraction with a CAR/PDMS fibre, a method previously shown to provide extracts representative of the studied cider. Extracts were analysed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and flame ionization detection. All of the parameters tested had at least a slight effect on the odourant composition and particularly on the esters, which bring fruity notes that are appreciated by consumers. Clarification and biomass reduction had a greater impact than apple blend and pressing conditions. This could be explained by the influence of the nitrogen content on fermentation rate and efficiency, which affects the production of secondary metabolites. Under the conditions tested, a juice obtained from a bitter blend of apples by a slow pressing of the pulp at low temperature, after 1 h of cuvage, clarified by keeving and fermented without biomass reduction, produced a cider with the highest quantity of esters. These results could help cider‐makers enhance product quality according to consumer expectations. Copyright © 2015 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling |
| |
Keywords: | aroma compounds biomass reduction clarification fermentation French hard cider |
|
|