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Ultrasonic detection and sizing of compressed cracks in glass- and carbon-fibre reinforced plastic composites
Affiliation:1. Maritime Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, 506 Lorimer St, Fishermans Bend, VIC 3207, Australia;2. School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Clifton, BS8 1TR, Bristol, UK;4. School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;1. Department of Chemical, Materials Engineering and Industrial Production, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy;2. CRdC Tecnologie scarl, Via Nuova Agnano 11, 80125 Naples, Italy;3. Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy;1. Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Douai, Département Technologie des Polymères et Composite et Ingénierie Mécanique (TPCIM), 941 Rue Charles Bourseul, CS 10838, 59508 Douai Cedex, France;2. Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrèsis, Département d’Opto-Acousto-Electronique, IEMN, UMR CNRS 8520, Mont Houy BP 311, 59313 Valenciennes Cedex, France;1. Department of Technology and Innovation, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark;2. TWI Ltd, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, UK;3. Manufacturing Department, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK430AL, UK;4. Pattern Recognition Group, Wire Communication Laboratory, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Patras, Greece;6. Materials Science & Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 157 80, Athens, Greece;1. Georgia Tech-CNRS UMI2958, Georgia Tech Lorraine, 2 Rue Marconi, 57070 Metz, France;2. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;3. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
Abstract:Nondestructive evaluation of compressed cracks is a major challenge. A quantitative study of the effect of crack-tip closure on the pulse-echo ultrasonic sizing of delaminations in fibre-reinforced polymer-matrix composites (FRP) is presented. In particular, this study focuses on the interaction of ultrasound with a closed crack or kissing disbond, and their effect on the ultrasonic inspectability of FRP laminates consisting of carbon and glass plies. The compression of laminar cracks in these two different laminate types is clearly detectable via both pulse-echo and through-transmission ultrasonic measurements, but the reflected ultrasonic pulses in the two material types exhibit markedly different behaviour. The glass-fibre laminates show a drop in the reflected signal for crack openings up to approximately half the crack growth load, whereas the corresponding carbon-fibre laminates show the expected increase in the reflected signal as the crack opens. The origins of the observed effect of crack closure on the reflection and transmission of ultrasound are analysed in detail to ascertain possible mechanisms responsible for these effects.
Keywords:Nondestructive inspection  Pulse-echo ultrasonics  Defect characterization  Compressed cracks  Delamination  Fibre-reinforced plastic  Polymer-matrix composites
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