The effects of measurement errors,collinearity and their interactions on aerosol source apportionment computations |
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| Affiliation: | 1. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China;2. Department of Physics, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA;3. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0512, USA;1. Center for Urban Transport Emission Research (CUTER), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;2. Tianjin Eco-Environmental Monitoring Center, Tianjin 300191, China;3. Tianjin-Tianbinruicheng Environmental Technology and Engineering Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300190, China;1. APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University, Kerala, India;2. Department of Civil Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam, 686 501, India;3. Alberta Environment and Parks, 3535 Research Rd NW, T2L 2K8, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;4. IC2MP-HydrASA UMR, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France |
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| Abstract: | Cheng, M.D. Hopke, P.K. and Jennings, D.E., 1988. The effects of measurement errors, collinearity and their interactions on aerosol source apportionment computations. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 4: 239-250.The effects of analytical precision of chemical analyses of aerosol sources and ambient samples and of collinearity between sources on the solution of a generalized chemical mass balance (CMB) model for aerosol mass apportionment were examined. The analytical imprecision (in the range of 5–10 percent in terms of noise-to-signal ratio) was found to be a key factor in determining the precision and accuracy of the CMB source apportionment if and only if there is moderate or no source collinearity among the source composition profiles. This result implies that the CMB solution may be unreliable at higher noise-to-signal ratios (i.e. larger than 10 percent) under even the mild collinearity conditions used in this study. At the other end of this simulation, under a severe collinearity, the outcome of the CMB aerosol apportionment calculation was unpredictable because the extreme collinearity dominated the other controlling factors. The use of the effective variance weighted (EVW) least squares scheme did not yield more precise and accurate estimates for source contributions than the ordinary weighted scheme in this study even when the underlying assumption of normality (Watson et al., Atmospheric Environment, 1984) for the EVW scheme was true. |
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