纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸料的制备工艺及研究进展

热塑性复合材料因冲击韧性高、环境适应性强、可回收利用等优点,被广泛应用于汽车制造、航空航天、国防军工等领域。但因热塑性树脂加热熔融后较高的黏度使其很难与纤维充分浸渍。预浸料作为制造复合材料的中间材料,现阶段制备工艺已相对成熟,预浸料中纤维已被树脂浸润,因此通过预浸料制备的复合材料孔隙率较低。本文介绍了现阶段常用的热塑性预浸料制备方法及各自的优缺点,包括溶液浸渍法、熔融浸渍法、粉末浸渍法、薄膜叠层法、纤维混杂法以及反应链增长浸渍法。阐述了热塑性树脂熔体浸润纤维的浸渍机理,对浸渍机理的部分研究成果进行了概括。概述了浸渍温度、浸渍压力和牵引速率对预浸带性能的影响。最后指出了国内预浸料生产中存在的主要问题,未来可采用多学科结合、纤维树脂改性、对浸渍过程进行计算机模拟等方法促进热塑性预浸带的产业化发展。

Research progress in the preparation of fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin prepreg

Thermoplastic composite materials are widely used in automobile,aerospace and military fields due to their advantages of high impact toughness,recyclability and excellent environmental adaptability.However,the high viscosity of the thermoplastic resin after melting makes it difficult to impregnate the fiber adequately.As the intermediate material of composite materials,the preparation of prepreg has been relatively mature.The fibers in the prepreg have been impregnated with resin,so the composite material prepared by the prepreg has fewer voids.The preparation method of thermoplastic prepreg and analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various preparation methods were introduced in this paper,including solution impregnation,melt impregnation,powder impregnation,film stacking lamination,commingled yarns and reactive of chain growth impregnation.The impregnation mechanism of melt infiltrated fibers was described and some research results of impregnation mechanism were summarized.The effects of parameters such as immersion temperature,immersion pressure and traction speed on the properties of prepreg were discussed.Finally,the main problems and the development direction in the production of prepreg were summarized.In the future,methods such as multidisciplinary integration,fiber and resin modification and computer simulation of the impregnation process can be used to promote the industrial development of thermoplastic prepreg.