碳基气凝胶复合材料电磁波吸收材料研究进展

随着无线电通信技术和各种电子设备的广泛应用，电磁污染日益严重，具有三维多孔结构的电磁波吸收材料成为科学研究的热点。总结了碳基气凝胶复合材料的研究进展，详细介绍了石墨烯气凝胶、生物质衍生的碳气凝胶和聚合物衍生的碳气凝胶的多种制备方法，碳气凝胶与磁性颗粒、碳化硅、碳纳米管和MXene复合而成的复合碳基气凝胶吸波材料的吸波性能。简要阐述了吸波材料的损耗机理，讨论了碳基气凝胶复合材料的组分、微观结构和损耗机制对吸波性能的影响。最后，就目前研究现状总结了碳基气凝胶复合材料在制备和性能提升方面的挑战，展望了碳基气凝胶复合材料的研究重点和发展方向。

Research progress of carbon aerogel based microwave absorbing materials

Electromagnetic (EM) pollution is becoming more and more serious due to the wide application of various electronic devices and wireless communication. EM wave absorbing materials with three-dimensional porous structure have become a hot spot of scientific research. The development of carbon-based aerogel composites was reviewed, including the preparation methods of graphene aerogel, biomass derived carbon aerogel, and polymer derived carbon aerogel. The EM absorbing properties of carbon-based aerogel composites, such as magnetic particles/carbon aerogel, SiC/carbon aerogel, carbon nanotubes/carbon aerogel, and MXene/carbon aerogel were also introduced. The EM absorbing mechanisms were briefly described, and the effects of chemical component, microstructure, and loss mechanisms on EM absorbing properties were discussed. Finally, based on the current research situation, the challenges in preparation and performance improvement of carbon-based aerogel composites are summarized, and the development direction of carbon-based aerogel composites was also prospected.