汽油胶质的形成机理及影响因素研究进展

综述了近年来汽油胶质的形成机理及影响因素的研究进展,介绍了汽油在储存过程中形成的胶质的分子结构及胶质产生的机理。在储存过程中,汽油中的分子与氧气反应生成过氧化物,过氧化物在复杂的多步骤链式反应中形成大分子可溶和不可溶氧化物,随后成核、团聚形成胶质。汽油胶质的含量受汽油组分、含氧化合物、重馏分、金属离子的影响。汽油中的共轭烯烃和环状烯烃容易发生氧化反应,在相同储存条件下会导致汽油胶质含量增加。汽油受到重馏分污染或金属离子污染时均会使胶质含量增加,但增加的程度有所不同。乙醇对乙醇汽油胶质形成的影响研究结果并不一致,需要进一步探究。

Research progress on formation mechanism and influencing factors of gasoline gum

The research process of gasoline gum formation mechanism and its influencing factors in recent years has been reviewed.The correlation of molecular structure and mechanism of gasoline gum formation are introduced.During storage,some classes of hydrocarbons in gasoline react with oxygen and form peroxides.The formed peroxides are responsible for the formation of soluble and insoluble oxides with complex multi-step reaction.The oxides nucleate and agglomerate to form gum.The content of gum is affected by gasoline components,oxygenates,heavy fractions and metal ions.Under the same storage conditions,the conjugated olefins and cyclic olefins in gasoline are prone to oxidize,which may increase the content of gum.The heavy fraction and metal ions may also increase the content of gum in polluted gasoline.The effects of ethanol on ethanol gasoline gum formation are not consistent,so it is necessary to further explore the effect of ethanol on the formation of gasoline gum.