浅析西藏东南部地区地质灾害的形成机理及分布规律

地质灾害是一种危害性大、破坏性强的自然灾害.广泛分布于山区和丘陵地带,给人们的生产、生活及工程活动造成巨大的危害和破坏.从地形地貌、地层岩性、气象条件和时间分布入手,对藏东南地区地质灾害的形成机理进行了分析,并提出了相应的处理措施,对于在该地区进行城镇规划、农业开发、水利水电开发以及公路和铁路建设具有一定的参考意义.

Discussion on Formation Mechanism and Distribution Law of Geological Hazards in the Southeast of Tibet

The geological hazard,found everywhere in mountains and hills,is a kind of heavily destructive disaster,which brought about huge damage to the local people in production,living and working.For example,the landslide with anextreme scale,occurred in Zamunong Ditch,Yigong County,Tibet,on April 9,2000,formed a natural dam about 2000 m long,2000 m wide and 100m high,which blocked the river immediately and made a reservoir with a volume of more than 3 billion cube meter.All things in this reservoir,such as villages,farms,forests,meadows,tea farms,roads,bridges,hydropower stations,and so on,are flooded,causing great losses.After the collapse of this dam,the flood,with a flow of more than 120 thousand cube meter per s,destroyed everything under its way including roads,bridges,villages,plants and hydropower stations,etc.It also induced many collapses and small-scaled landslides downstream and broke the National Rd 318 up to half a year,which caused great losses.However,everything has a rule from born,developing,to extinction.The geological hazards also have regulations in their properties of origination,occurrence and distribution.By studying the topography and geomorphology,formation lithology and meteorology,this paper analyzed the mechanism of these hazards in southeast Tibet and gave some measurements,which should be useful to city planning,agriculture development,hydropower development,and the projects of roads and railways.