利用酿酒废弃物生产有机肥及肥效研究

该文以泸州老窖股份有限公司产生的污泥和酒糟为原料,研究高温发酵生产有机肥技术及对高粱的肥效。结果表明,污泥、酒糟、腐熟剂按不同比例混合堆肥,历经升温期,高温期和降温期,水分含量持续降低,氮、磷、钾和腐殖酸含量逐渐增加,堆肥物料由黄褐色变为褐色、黑褐色或黑色。其中,酒糟与污泥按2∶1(C∶N≈25∶1,水分质量分数为65%,pH 6.5)混合腐熟最快,肥质最佳,符合NY525—2012有机肥质量标准。50%有机肥与50%的化肥配施(以氮计),高粱产量、籽粒含氮量和植株磷钾吸收量分别比单施等养分的化肥增加12.55%、36.70%、22.22%和29.20%;土壤有效氮,磷酸酶、脲酶和脱氢酶活性也显著提高。因此,污泥和酒糟适量混合,添加菌剂,经高温发酵生产的有机肥符合国家标准,与化肥适量配施显著增加高粱产量,改善植物营养,提高土壤酶活。

Conversion of brewing wastes into an organic fertilizer and its fertilizer efficiency

The solid waste produced in brewing process,including sludge and distilled grains,is about three times of liquor.To investigate the conversion of the solid wastes discharged from Luzhou Laojiao Co.,Ltd.into an organic fertilizer by thermophilic composting,sorghum was supplied with the organic fertilizer to evaluate the fertilizer efficiency.The results showed that the mixture of sludge,distilled grains and decomposable inoculant was subject to heating,high temperature and cooling stages in the composting process.Concomitantly,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and humic acid in the compost substrates increased with moisture decreased while the substrate color changed from tawny to brown,black-brown or black.The mixture of sludge and distilled grains at the rate of 1∶2 in weight contained 65%moisture with about 25∶1 of C∶N ratio and pH 6.5 composted most rapidly.The organic fertilizer produced had high quality and fitted the National Organic Fertilizer Quality Standard(NY525-2012).The application of this organic fertilizer(OF)in combination with chemical fertilizers(CF)at the proportion of 1∶1 in the terms of nitrogen increased sorghum yield by 12.55%,grain nitrogen content by 36.70%,plant phosphorus uptake by 22.22%and potassium uptake by 29.20%,respectively,compared with those of CF alone.Besides,there were higher available nitrogen and enzyme activities(including phosphatase,urease and dehydrogenase)in the soil supplied with OF+CF than those of sole CF.Taken together,the mixture of sludge and distilled grains at an adequate proportion converted into an organic fertilizer through thermophilic composting,which fitted the National Standard.The application of OF plus CF at a proper rate increased sorghum yield,improved plant nutrient,and stimulated soil enzyme activity.