Effects of dietary fish oil on biliary phospholipids and prostaglandin synthesis in the cholesterol-fed pairie dog |
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Authors: | Michael L Booker Thayer E Scott Wayne W La Morte |
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Affiliation: | (1) Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Boston University Medical School, 8O East Concord St., O2118 Boston, MA |
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Abstract: | Cholesterol gallstone formation in the prairie dog is accompanied by an increase in the percentage of biliaryphospholipids containing arachidonic acid, and an increase in gallbladder prostaglandin (PG) synthesis, but the pathogenetic significance of these
changes is unclear. Dietary supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 fatty acid which is commonly found
in fish oil, decreases prostaglandin synthesis in some tissues by replacing arachidonic acid, and by competitively inhibiting
prostaglandin synthesis. We studied the effect of dietary fish oil on gallbladder PG synthesis, and the relative abundance
of various molecular species of phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines in bile and gallbladder epithelium in the
cholesterol-fed prairie dog. Prairie dogs were maintained for 4 weeks on one of four diets: i) control, ii) cholesterol-supplemented
(0.34%), iii) menhaden oil (50 g/kg chow), or iv) cholesterol plus menhaden oil. Supplementation with menhaden oil resulted
in a replacement of arachidonic and linoleic acids with EPA and docosahexaenoic acids in the phospholipids of bile and gallbladder
mucosa. In cholesterol-fed animals, supplementation with menhaden oil prevented increased gallbladder PG synthesis. Menhaden
oil also reduced the incidence of cholesterol monohydrate crystals among cholesterol-fed animals (9/20 with cholesterol plus
menhaden oil vs 21/22 with cholesterol alone), but the improvement could not clearly be attributed to decreased PG synthesis
since supplementation with menhaden oil also increased the total phospholipid concentration in bile, and decreased the degree
of cholesterol saturation. These results demonstrate that dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids significantly influences
biliary phospholipids, and decreases the incidence of cholesterol monohydrate crystal formation in this animal model. |
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