北庙水源地土地利用变化对水文要素影响的研究

选用保山市日气象观测数据和北庙水源地水库坝上径流资料,结合北庙水源地内的土地利用数据、土壤数据和DEM数据,构建其SWAT分布式水文模型,研究水源地三期不同土地利用方式变化对水文要素的影响。结果表明:在模型率定期和验证期,R2数分别为0.70和0.72,模型效率系数均大于0.55,径流模拟值与实测值相对误差在15%以内,SWAT水文模型在北庙水源地有较好的适用性。1986-2009年,北庙水源地土地利用类型以林地、耕地、草地为主;草地面积减少,耕地、未利用土地和居民用地增加是这一时期土地利用方式变化的主要特征。水源地水文要素发生相应的变化主要表现为坡面径流深、径流深和土壤侵蚀模数增加,而实际蒸散减少。

Research on impact of land-use change on hydrology in Beimiao water source

The paper selected the daily meteorology data of Baoshan station and the runoff data above dam of reservoir in Beimiao water source, and combined with land use, soil data, and DEM data to construct SWAT model so as to simulate and study the impact of land use change on hydrologic factors. The result showed that in period of calibration and validation, the value of R² is 0.70 and 0.72 respectively.All of the simulation efficiency (Ens) value are greater than 0.55. the relative error (Re) between simulation value and observation value is less than 15%.SWAT hydrological model has better applicability in Beimiao water source.The main types of land-use are forest land, cultivated land and grass land during the period of 1986 to 2009.The main characteristics of land use variation in Beimiao water source were the decrease of grass land area and the increase of cultivated land, non-use of land and residential land.The major change of hydrologic factors mainly presented the increase of runoff depth of slope surface, runoff depth and soil erosion modulus and the decrease of actual evapotranspiration.