连锁效应下化工装置定量风险分析初选方法

化工过程装置定量风险分析(QRA)首先面对装置初选的问题。基于2类危险源理论和装置连锁事故的主要诱因和过程机理分析,得出化工过程装置风险主要包括二方面:装置内危险物质的数量和危险特性,装置之间的事故连锁效应。提出与化工过程装置火灾、爆炸及毒物泄漏事故相对应的3类装置固有风险指标和2类装置事故连锁风险指标。基于2类风险指标分别建立装置专项事故风险综合评价矩阵,通过矩阵计算获得各装置专项事故综合风险的相对高低,并确立装置初选的最低条件,完成装置的初选,并通过实例应用演示了该方法。

Elementary selection for quantitive risk assessment of chemical process equipment in domino effect

Elementary selection of equipment is the first step in quantitive risk assessment(QRA) of chemical process equipment.The risk of chemical process equipment consists of two parts: hazardous materials and domino effect among equipment items,which is concluded after the analysis of domino accidents between equipment items based on two kinds of hazard source theory.Three categories of inherent risk indices and two categories of domino effect risk indices were proposed to describe the risk of fire,explosion and leakage of toxic substances.Correspondent matrix was built to achieve relative values of comprehensive risk for special accident type,and the threshold of the values for elementary selection of equipment was advised.An application example was given to illustrate this methodology.