中国南方海相地层油气勘探现状及建议

经过40多年来的勘探和研究,在南方海相油气勘探领域发现了大量的地面油气、沥青显示和不同时代的古油藏,以及鄂西建南、黔北赤水等气田,四川盆地已成为我国重要的天然气区.经油气资源评价,南方海相地层资源量(除四川盆地)近80亿t油当量.南方海相地层是我国潜在的含油气领域,研究表明,南方海相地层原始生油条件优越,有多套生、储、盖组合,但由于后期构造运动强烈,因此油气保存条件是南方油气勘探的关键.目前勘探技术和方法不过关是油气突破的最大障碍.应加强地震、非地震物化探技术方法攻关;发展综合勘探和油气综合评价技术;采用合理的勘探程序;重视发展天然气勘探技术和方法;充分利用老资料,进行信息二次开发.逐步形成以构造演化为主线,开展以露头、井筒、地震资料为基础的沉积、层序地层研究,用海相残余盆地动态数值模拟方法进行南方海相地层有利勘探目标评选.

PETRPLEUM EXPLORATION IN THE MARINE STRATA IN SOUTHERN CHINA-EXPLORATION SITUATION AND PROPOSAL

Great successes of exploration and research have been achieved in the petroleum exploration in the marine deposited regions in southern China in the past 40 years.A great number of surface hydrocarbon, bitumen showings and many ancient oil & gas reservoirs of different ages as well as Jiannan and Chishui fields have been discovered.Shichuan Basin has become an importantnatural gas provinces.Petroleum resource evaluation shows that there are nearly 8000×10⁶ equivalent oil tons of total resource extent in the marine strata in Southern China except Sichuan Basin. The wide-spreading marine strata are the potential petroliferous areas in China.Researches have proved that the primary hydrocarbon-generating conditions are excellent and thereare several suits of source-reservoir-caprock assemblages in the marine sequences in Southern China.Owing to the intensive tectonic movements during the late geological time,the preservation of hydrocarbon is the critical condition for the petroleum accumulation in southern China. At present, the largest obstacle to exploration breakout is that the available explorationtechnologies and methods have been unable to solve the existing problems in exploration in Southern China.It is suggested that the following work is necessarily to conduct:(1)take further steps to tackle the key problems in technologies and methods in seismic, non-seismic and chemical explorations; (2) develop the comprehensive exploration and comprehensive evaluationtechnology; (3) take up reasonable exploration procedure; (4) pay attention to and develop the technology and methods of natural gas exploration;and (5) full carry out the second development for the past information data. Generally speaking,it should be gradually formed that the research of tectonic evaluation must be stressed along with the studies of sedimentology andsequence stratigraphy based on the exposure,well and seismic data. Evaluation and seeking of favourable exploration targets may be carried out by means of dynamic numerical simulation of marine residual basins in Southern China.