质子交换膜燃料电池关键材料的研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

燃料电池是一种非常有前景的新能源体系。燃料电池不使用热力发动机,利用电极和电解质界面发生的化学反应直接将燃料的化学能转换成电能,反应不受卡诺循环限制,因此,具有高的能量转换效率。在燃料电池中,质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)在便携式设备、交通运输以及固定装置领域具有重要的应用前景。然而,目前的PEMFC还存在一些问题,主要包括高成本、功率不足、稳定性差等问题,限制了其大规模商业化应用。这些问题的根本原因在于PEMFC中阴极催化剂、气体扩散层、质子交换膜和双极板等关键材料的成本和性能还不能满足PEMFC商业化的要求。要实现PEMFC的大规模应用,需要开发先进的阴极催化剂、气体扩散层、质子交换膜和双极板等关键材料。针对PEMFC对低成本、高性能先进材料的需求,本文综述了阴极催化剂、气体扩散层、质子交换膜和双极板等关键材料的研究进展以及应用面临的问题,并指出了未来的发展方向:加强铂合金催化剂以及金属-氮-碳(M-N-C)化合物催化剂的规模化制备工艺的探索;制备兼具高质子传导率和优异力学性能的质子交换膜;详细研究改性气体扩散层在不同的工况条件下对PEMFC性能的影响;开发具有优良耐蚀性和导电性的涂层或新型金属材料用于双极板。

Research progress of key materials in proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Fuel cell, which directly enables the generation of electricity from the conversion of the fuel through an electrochemical reaction at the electrode and electrolyte interface, without going through the heat engine process, is an incredibly powerful renewable energy technology. The electrochemical reaction in fuel cell is not restricted by the Carnot cycle, so it has high energy conversion efficiency. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), in particular, has been regarded as the most promising candidate for transportations, portable equipment and fixed devices.However, there are still some problems in PEMFC, including high cost, insufficient power and poor stability, which limit the large-scale commercial application of PEMFC. The basic reason behind these problems lies in the key materials, such as cathode catalyst, gas diffusion layer, proton exchange membrane and bipolar plate in fuel cell, which can not meet the requirements of PEMFC commercialization owing to their high cost and low performance. Therefore, in order to achieve large-scale application of PEMFC, advanced cathode catalysts, gas diffusion layers, proton exchange membranes and bipolar plates are needed. For the requirement of low-cost and high-performance advanced materials for PEMFC, the research status of these key materials and main challenges in their practical application were summarized in the review, and the future development direction was pointed out: developing the technology of large-scale preparation of platinum alloy and metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) compound catalysts, preparation of proton exchange membranes with high proton conductivity and excellent mechanical property, studying the influence of modified gas diffusion layer on PEMFC performance under different working conditions, developing coatings or new metal materials with excellent corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity for bipolar plates.