两亲性海藻多糖在乳化和分散中应用的研究进展

海藻多糖是一种天然的凝胶多糖,其分子链上原生的亲水、疏水基团赋予其天然的两亲性,能够在一定程度上改善非均相之间的界面相容性,具有天然凝胶网络结构的海藻多糖还可在溶胶体系中有效阻止分散相之间的再聚集,因而海藻多糖在乳化及分散中具有极佳的应用潜能。本文介绍了海藻酸盐、岩藻多糖、卡拉胶、琼脂、石莼多糖等常见海藻多糖的化学组成、结构与性质,并从其糖基单元上的羧基、硫酸酯基等亲水基团与甲氧基、乙酰基、蛋白质等疏水基团构成的两亲性结构出发,总结了两亲性结构对海藻多糖分子构型、表面活性及流变性质的影响,进而综述海藻多糖两亲性结构在乳化和分散中的应用。同时,还总结了通过物理或化学手段增强海藻多糖两亲性能的相关研究,例如带电疏水粒子的静电耦合、长碳链疏水化合物的化学接枝等,介绍了衍生化海藻多糖在乳化和分散中应用的研究进展,并对海藻多糖界面吸附活性增强的方向进行了展望。

Research Progress in Applications of Amphiphilic Algal Polysaccharides in Emulsification and Dispersion

Algal polysaccharide is a natural gel polysaccharide with great application potentials in emulsification and dispersion. Its hydrophilic and hydrophobic functional groups endow it with natural amphiphilicity, which could improve the interface compatibility between heterogeneous phases. Furthermore, the algal polysaccharide with a natural gel network structure could greatly improve the stability of the sol-gel system by effectively preventing the re-aggregation between the dispersed phases in the system. This paper introduced the chemical compositions, structures and properties of algal polysaccharides, including alginate, fucoidan, carrageenan, agar, ulvan, etc. Their amphiphilic structures were originated from the functional groups on sugar units including hydrophilic groups such as carboxyls and sulfates and hydrophobic groups such as methoxyls, acetyls and proteins. The effects of the amphiphilic structures on molecular configuration, surface activity and rheological properties of algal polysaccharides and further on their applications in emulsification and dispersion were summarized. At the same time, the researches on enhancing amphiphilic properties of algal polysaccharides by physical or chemical methods were introduced. The research progress of the applications of algal polysaccharide derivatives in emulsification and dispersion was summarized. Finally, the direction of enhancing the interfacial adsorption activity of algal polysaccharides was prospected.