利用废弃碳资源生产鼠李糖脂的研究进展

鼠李糖脂是微生物合成的一类糖脂类生物表面活性剂，具有优异的表面活性、理化性质和广阔的应用前景。铜绿假单胞菌是鼠李糖脂生产的主要发酵菌株，能够以多种水溶性碳源或疏水性碳源为底物发酵生产鼠李糖脂。当前，废弃碳资源导致的浪费和污染问题日益严峻，基于鼠李糖脂的特性与生产菌株的底物偏好性，以废弃碳资源为原料生产鼠李糖脂具有很大的发展潜力。本文分别介绍以废油脂(含油废水、食品加工废油和餐厨废油)、含糖废弃物(含糖的食品加工副产物、含糖果蔬废弃物和木质纤维)和废塑料等高聚废弃物为原料合成鼠李糖脂的研究进展，重点总结了不同底物和生产菌株对鼠李糖脂生产的影响。通过分析废弃碳资源当前利用现状，发现繁多的种类、较低的分类程度和难降解的组分是限制以废弃碳资源作为底物生产鼠李糖脂进一步发展的主要因素，并提出以废弃碳资源生产鼠李糖脂的未来发展方向。

Research Progress of Rhamnolipid Production from Waste Carbon Resources

Rhamnolipid(RL) was a kind of glycosolipid biosurfactant synthesized by microorganism with excellent surface activity, physical and chemical properties, and broad application prospect. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the main strain for RL production, which could produce RL by fermentation with a variety of water-soluble carbon sources or hydrophobic carbon sources as substrates. At present, waste and pollution caused by waste carbon resources(WCR) were increasingly serious, based on the characteristics of RL and the substrate preference of producing strain, the production of RL from waste carbon resources had great development potential. In this paper, the research progress of RL production using waste oils(ioly wastewater, food processing waste oil and kitchen waste iol), sugary waste(sugar-containing food processing by-products, sugar-containing fruit and vegetable waste and lignocellulose) and waste plastics was introduced. The effects of different substrates and producing strains for RL yield were mainly highlighted. By analyzing the current status of WCR utilization, it was found that various species, low classification degree, and unbiodegradable ingredients were the main factors restricting the further development of RL production using WCR as substrates, and the future development direction of RL production based on WCR was also pointed out.