生物质基多孔材料在保温材料中的研究进展

环保、节能、高效是保温材料未来的主要研究方向，开发以生物质为原料的保温材料是未来趋势。生物质基多孔材料是指以可再生的生物质为前驱体制备的多孔材料，其原料来源广，制备方法多样，具有孔隙率高、密度小、质量轻等优异特点，在保温领域有很大的应用潜力。本文概述了多孔材料的保温机理，并综述了近几年国内外对纤维素基、淀粉基、壳聚糖基、植物蛋白基多孔材料的研究，重点介绍了表面活性剂发泡法、冷冻干燥法、致孔剂法、模具热压法、溶剂交换相分离法等在生物质基多孔材料制备中的应用。分析了生物质多孔材料存在的问题，并对多孔保温材料未来的研究方向进行了展望。

Research Progress of Biomass-based Porous Materials on Thermal Insulation Materials

Environment protection, energy saving, and high efficiency are the main research directions for thermal insulation materials in the future, and the development of thermal insulation materials based on biomass is the future trend. Biomass-based porous materials refer to the porous materials prepared from renewable biomass as the precursor, which have the wide raw materials and diverse preparation methods. They have excellent characteristics, such as high porosity, low density, light weight, and so on, which has great application potential in the field of thermal insulation. In this paper, the heat preservation mechanism of the porous materials was overviewed, and the research progress on the cellulose, starch, chitosan, plant protein porous material in recent years was reviewed. The surfactant foaming method, freeze-drying method, pore-forming agent method, mould hot pressing method, solvent exchange phase separation in the application of biomass-based porous material preparation were also highlighted. Finally, the existing problems of biomass-based porous insulation materials are analyzed, and the future research directions of porous insulation materials are also prospected.