Tuning domain size and crystallinity in isoindigo/PCBM organic solar cells via solution shearing |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA;2. Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA;3. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA;1. State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;2. Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;1. Key Laboratory of Special Display Technology of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory of Special Display Technology, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Photoelectric Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China;2. Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Advance Functional Materials and Devices, Anhui Province, Hefei, 230009, China;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Center for Advance Soft Electronics (CASE), Pohang 790-784, South Korea;1. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China;2. CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China;1. Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China;1. Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, PR China;2. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Advance Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China |
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| Abstract: | Despite having achieved the long sought-after performance of 10% power conversion efficiency, high performance organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are still mostly constrained to lab scale devices fabricated by spin coating. Efforts to produce printed OPVs lag considerably behind, and the sensitivity to different fabrication methods highlights the need to develop a comprehensive understanding of the processing-morphology relationship in printing methods. Here we present a systematic experimental investigation of a model low bandgap polymer/fullerene system, poly-isoindigo thienothiophene/PC61BM, using a lab-scale analogue to roll-to-roll coating as the fabrication tool in order to understand the impact of processing parameters on morphological evolution. We report that domain size and polymer crystallinity can be tuned by a factor of two by controlling the temperature and coating speed. Lower fabrication temperature simultaneously decreased the phase separation domain size and increased the relative degree of crystallinity in those domains, leading to improved photocurrent. We conclude that domain size in isoindigo/PCBM is dictated by spontaneous phase separation rather than crystal nucleation and growth. Furthermore we present a model to describe the temperature dependence of domain size formation in our system, which demonstrates that morphology is not necessarily strictly dependent on the evaporation rate, but rather on the interplay between evaporation and diffusion during the printing process. |
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| Keywords: | Organic photovoltaics Isoindigo Phase separation Morphology evolution X-ray scattering |
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