Layer by layer characterisation of the degradation process in PCDTBT:PC71BM based normal architecture polymer solar cells |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;2. Department of Physical Electronics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan;1. Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-05, Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579 Japan;2. Division for International Advanced Research and Education (DIARE), Tohoku University, 6-3, Aza-Aoba, Aramai, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578 Japan;3. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research Fellow for Young Scientists, Kojimachi Business Center Building, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083 Japan;1. Department of Information Display, Sun Moon University, 100 Kalsan-ri, Tangjeong-myun, Asan-si, Chungnam 336-708, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Optometry, Eulji University, 553, Sanseong-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 461-713, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Global Top 5 Research Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea;2. Photo-electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea;1. Dept. of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates;2. Center for Advanced Materials Research, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates;3. Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates;4. Nanoelectronics Integrated Systems Center (NISC), Nile University, Cairo, Egypt;5. Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada;6. College of Engineering at Wadi Addawaser, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia;7. Computers and Automatic Control Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Egypt;8. Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Egypt;9. Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;1. School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, Australia;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | This work demonstrates the stability and degradation of OSCs based on polyN-9′-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′ benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT): (6,6)-Phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) photoactive blend layers as a function of ageing time in air. Analysis of the stability and degradation process for the OSCs was conducted under ambient air by using current-voltage (I-V) measurements and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The interface between photoactive layer and HTL (PEDOT:PSS) was also investigated. Device stability was investigated by calculating decay in power conversion efficiency (PCE) as a function of ageing time in the air. The PCE of devices decrease from 5.17 to 3.61% in one week of fabrication, which is attributed to indium and oxygen migration into the PEDOT:PSS and PCDTBT:PC71BM layer. Further, after aging for 1000 h, XPS spectra confirm the significant diffusion of oxygen into the HTL and photoactive layer which increased from 3.0 and 23.3% to 20.4 and 35.7% in photoactive layer and HTL, respectively. Similarly, the indium content reached to 17.9% on PEDOT:PSS surface and 0.4% on PCDTBT:PC71BM surface in 1000 h. Core-level spectra of active layer indicate the oxidation of carbon atoms in the fullerene cage, oxidation of nitrogen present in the polymer matrix and formation of In2O3 due to indium diffusion. We also observed a steady fall in the optical absorption of the active layer during ageing in ambient air and it reduced to 76.5% of initial value in 1000 h. On the basis of these experimental results, we discussed key parameters that account for the degradation process and stability of OSCs in order to improve the device performance. |
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| Keywords: | Organic solar cells Stability Degradation Interlayers diffusion XPS |
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