A comprehensive index for stream depletion in coupled human-water systems |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany;2. Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research ZALF, Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany;1. Biology Department, Towson University, Towson, MD 21252, USA;2. Advanced Systems Analysis Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schloßplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria;1. Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forest Systems, Italian National Research Council (ISAFoM-CNR), via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano (NA), Italy;2. Delft University of Technology, Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands;3. Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forest Systems, Italian National Research Council (ISAFoM-CNR), Str.le Vincenzo Lancia, Zona Industriale, Blocco Palma I, 95121 Catania, Italy;1. Department of Water Resources Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Ecosystem Science and Management and Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, USA;1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China;2. Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy;3. Centre for Water and Planetary Health and School of Geography, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom;4. Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand;5. Centre for the Study of the Inland, College of Arts, Social Sciences and Commerce, La Trobe University, DMBE 116, Melbourne (Bundoora), Australia;6. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France;7. Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute (CyI), Nicosia, Cyprus;8. School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA;9. Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, Italy;1. Smart Cities Transport Group, Department of Infrastructure Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia;2. Gulf Coast Research Center for Evacuation and Transportation Resiliency, Louisiana State University, 3330C Patrick F. Taylor Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;3. Civil Engineering, Research Centre for Integrated Transport Innovation (rCITI), Building (H20), Level 1, Room CE106, Kensington Campus, University of New South Wales, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Intensive land use and land cover (LULC) change along with the gradually increasing effects of climate change have made streams both hydrologically and ecologically vulnerable to depletion. Since stream depletion has a direct impact on human and ecological water use with socioeconomic and ecological consequences, it is imperative to manage streams to keep them in a healthy state. In this study, we developed a stream depletion potential index (SDPI) based on the concept of a coupled human-water system (CHWS) operating at simultaneous, interacting scales, and we tested its applicability to watersheds across South Korea. Eight indicators - precipitation, dry days, effective basin area, stream water usage, return flow, groundwater usage, impervious area, and environmental flow supplied by dams - were identified as the key variables for the SDPI. We adopted the Structural Equation Model (SEM) to estimate the weights of the identified indicators based on their causal relationships. Furthermore, we applied three different weighting schemes for urban, rural, and intermediate areas to make the index more effective and applicable to watershed LULC. The spatial distribution of the SDPI results indicated that the western Han River, the central and southern Nak-Dong River and some parts of the southwestern region of the Korean peninsula are prone to stream depletion from several different causes. The SDPI, by predicting changing streamflow characteristics, can be used by policy makers and stakeholders to determine a safe yield for both human and environmental stream use without causing a long-term decline of water availability. |
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| Keywords: | Drought Coupled human and natural systems Structural Equation Model Watershed management Water resources management |
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