磁约束核聚变托卡马克等离子体与壁相互作用研究进展

核聚变能是潜在的清洁安全能源,其最终的实现对中国能源问题的解决尤其重要。磁约束托卡马克是目前最有可能实现受控热核聚变的方法。磁约束聚变能的实现面临两大瓶颈问题:高参数稳态等离子体物理问题和托卡马克装置及未来反应堆关键材料问题。其中关键材料问题的解决在很大程度上取决于我们对等离子体与壁材料相互作用(Plasma-Wall Interactions,PWI)过程和机理的深入理解。PWI现象主要发生在托卡马克磁场最外封闭磁面以外的边界等离子体(又称为刮削层,Scrapped-Off Layer,SOL)和直接接触SOL的面对等离子体材料(Plasma-Facing Materials,PFM)区域内。因此,PWI问题直接决定了聚变的装置运行安全性、壁材料部件研发进程和未来壁的使用寿命。弄清PWI的各种物理过程和机理并施以有效的控制,是未来核聚变能实现的重要环节之一。对PWI国内外研究现状进行了详细的总结评述,并阐述了PWI的未来发展趋势和亟待解决的问题。

Research Progress on Plasma-Wall Interactions in a Magnetic Confinement Tokamak

Fusion energy is a potential clean and safe energy resource,and its realization will play a key role on the energy resource requirement in China.At present,the magnetic confinement Tokamak is considered as the most promising method to realize the controlled thermonuclear fusion.However,two bottleneck problems exist for Tokamak.One is how to produce the high-parameter steady-state plasma,and the other is how to choose the key materials in Tokamak as well as the future reactor.Understanding of process and mec...