明长城军堡与明、清村堡的比较研究

明朝在修筑万里长城的同时修筑了大量的屯兵“军堡”,按一定军事级别分布于长城沿线,守卫边疆。而边疆及内陆地区村民也兴建大量的“村堡”以自卫。自明代后,军堡屯兵守疆的军事制度撤销,村民入住军堡至今。以实地调研和资料分析为依托,从两者的兴筑背景与分布规律、堡与行政区划的关系、选址与地形等七个方面进行比较,解析长城军堡与村堡在物质表现形式与深层内涵上的异同。

Comparative Study of the Military Fortresses along the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty and the Village Fortresses of Ming and Qing Dynasty

Large numbers of military fortresses were build while constructing the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty, they guarded the border land along the Great Wall according to the military level. Moreover villagers living in the frontier and inner areas had built a lot of village fortresses for self-defence. The military defence system that troops stationed in the fortresses was taken away after the Ming Dynasty, from then on villagers started living in the military fortresses. Relying on the field survey and data analysis, this article compares the military fortresses and the village fortresses in seven facets, such as the constructing background and the distributing rules, the relation between the fortresses and the districts, the site and the terrain, and so on, trying to parse the deep meaning of the military fortresses and the village fortresses.