对羟基苯甲酸酯类对杏果采后病害的控制

通过离体和体内实验研究对羟基苯甲酸酯类处理对杏果采后黑斑病和软腐病的控制。离体实验结果表明，对羟基苯甲酸酯类对互隔交链孢（Alternaria alternata）和匍枝根霉（Rhizopus stolonifer）菌丝生长具有一定的抑制作用，其中对羟基苯甲酸乙酯和对羟基苯甲酸丁酯抑制效果较好，并随着处理剂量的增加抑制效果显著增加，100 μL/L对羟基苯甲酸丁酯对A. alternata和R. stolonifer菌落生长的抑制效果佳，其对菌落直径的抑菌率分别达到了23.70%和62.48%，同时发现对羟基苯甲酸酯类对R. stolonifer的抑制作用较强。体内实验结果表明，对羟基苯甲酸酯类能有效地控制损伤接种的杏果黑斑病和软腐病的扩展，对软腐病的控制效果较好。其中240 μL/L的对羟基苯甲酸乙酯对杏果黑斑病和软腐病的抑制效果最佳。进一步通过正交试验确定了对羟基苯甲酸酯类与热水复合对杏果的最佳防腐处理条件为32 μL/L的对羟基苯甲酸丙酯，在50 ℃热水中浸泡7 min，该复合对采后杏果的病害控制效果最佳，验证实验表明，其对黑斑病和软腐病的抑菌率分别达到了32.22%和51.84%。

Effect of p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Esters on Controlling Postharvest Diseases of Apricot Fruits

Effect of p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters on black spot and soft rot diseases of postharvest apricot fruits was studied
using in vitro and in vivo tests. The results of in vitro test showed that p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters significantly inhibited the
colony growth of Rhizopus stolonifer and Alternaria alternata. Ethyl 4-hydroxy benzoate and butyl paraben had better effect
in a concentration-dependent manner. Butyl paraben, when use at a dose of 100 μL/L, was more effective against the two
pathogens with antifungal rates of 23.70% and 62.48%, respectively. The inhibitory effect of p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters
on Rhizopus stolonifer was better. In vivo test showed that p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters could effectively control black spot
and soft rot diseases of apricot fruits inoculated with R. stolonifer and A. alternata. p-Hydroxyl benzoate was more effective
against soft rot disease, and the development of black spot disease was significantly reduced by ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
treatment at a dose of 240 μL/L. The optimum treatment conditions for postharvest disease control of apricot fruits were
determined through orthogonal array design as 32 μL/L propyl p-hydroxyl benzoate combined with soaking in 50 ℃ water
for 7 min. Verification results showed that the inhibition rates of the optimal treatment against black spot and soft rot disease
reached 32.22% and 51.84%, respectively.