山洪灾害防治措施与成效

山洪灾害防御是我国防汛工作的难点和薄弱环节。根据国务院批复的《全国山洪灾害防治规划》,2010~2012年水利部会同财政部等部局在试点的基础上开展了全国山洪灾害防治县级非工程措施项目建设,2013~2015年进一步补充完善非工程措施并开展了山洪灾害调查评价和重点山洪沟防洪治理。通过几年来的项目建设,创造性地建设了适合我国国情的专群结合的山洪灾害防治体系,大大提高了我国基层防汛信息化水平和指挥决策能力,发挥了显著的防灾减灾效益。本文介绍了我国山洪灾害的总体情况,分析了山洪灾害的危害、成因和特点,提出了山洪灾害的防治措施,总结了山洪灾害防治成效及取得的系列原创性成果,最后对山洪灾害防治进行了展望。"十三五"期间,我国将继续加强山洪灾害防治,充分利用"互联网+"等新技术,进一步提高我国山洪灾害防御能力。

Mountain torrent disaster prevention and control measures and their effects

The prevention of mountain torrent disaster is a difficulty and a weak link within the practice of the flood control in China. In accordance with the “National Mountain Torrent Prevention and Control Planning” approved by the State Council， the construction of the project of the non-engineering measures for the mountain torrent prevention and control on county level was conducted by the Ministry of Water Resources jointly with the Ministry of Finance and the other ministries and bureaus concerned from 2010 to 2012， and then the non-engineering measures were further supplemented and improved， meanwhile， the investigation and assessment of the mountain torrent disaster as well as the flood control of the main mountain torrent gullies were carried out from 2013 to 2015. Through several years of the project construction， a mountain torrent disaster prevention and control system suitable for the actual conditions in China is creatively constructed based on the combination of both professionals and masses， thus the flood control informationization level of the basic-level in China is largely enhanced with a significant benefit of disaster prevention and mitigation. The general situation of the mountain torrent disaster in China is described herein， and then the hazards， causations and the characteristics of the mountain torrent disaster are analyzed and the relevant control measures are proposed， while the effects and the series original achievements from the mountain torrent disaster prevention and control are summarized along with the prospection of the mountain torrent disaster prevention and control in the days to come. During the period of the “13th Five-Year-Plan”， the mountain torrent disaster prevention and control is to be continuously strengthened in China with the full use of the new techniques， i.e. Internet Plus， etc.， so as to further improve the mountain torrent disaster prevention capacity in China.