微波法制备壳聚糖絮凝剂的研究

以虾壳作为原料制得甲壳素后,用NaOH溶液浸润然后在微波作用脱去乙酰基和蛋白质制备壳聚糖;研究了影响壳聚糖脱乙酰度及粘均分子质量的因素;选择c（NaOH）=45%～50%,微波功率400 W,一次微波法反应时间10 min,可得脱乙酰度75%、分子质量（3.5～4） 万的壳聚糖;二次微波法每次反应时间分别为5 min,可得脱乙酰度90%的壳聚糖;与传统方法相比,缩短了反应时间,节约了能耗;将实验制得的壳聚糖作为絮凝剂用于含磷废水,絮凝效果明显,除磷率可达90%.

Study on Preparation of Chitosan Flocculant with Microwave Technology

Chitin is prepared from shell of shrimp, then it is soaked in the solution oi NaOH, and deacetylated and deproteinized under microwave irradiation. The factors that influence the deacetylation degree and molecular weight of chitosan are studied. The optimal concentration of alkali liquor is 45 % - 50 %, and the optimal power of microwave is 400 W. Under these conditions the deacetylation degree can reach 75 % and the molecular weight is from 35,000 to 40,000 irradiated ten minutes at a time, and the deacetylation degree can reach 90 % irradiated twice five minutes at a time. The chitosan prepared from the experiments is used to remove the phosphorus in the waste water. The effect is excellent and the ratio of phosphorus removal can reach 90 %.