主成分分析研究白酒基酒香气成分

以485个优质基酒和普通基酒的主要香气成分数据为基础，采用R语言软件，分别对两类基酒进行4次随机抽样，每次抽取60个样品，基酒品质分析数据经标准化处理后进行主成分分析。结果表明，优质基酒4次抽样主成分分析结果比较稳定，普通基酒分析结果差异较大。碎石图检验表明，优质基酒在第一、二、三主成分后断崖明显，普通白酒在第一主成分后下降平缓，没有明显断崖。分布分析表明，优质基酒密度分布图的尖峰厚尾现象明显，方差为0.560，样本间的差异小，香气成分含量范围相对集中；普通基酒分布较为分散，方差为0.925，样本间差异较大，香气成分含量范围不稳定。在白酒风味分析时，应考虑样本的数据特征，以保证分析结果的准确性和可靠性，进而有效指导白酒生产。

Study on aroma components of Baijiu base liquor by principal component analysis

Based on the data of the aroma composition of 485 high-quality base liquors and ordinary base liquors in Baijiu factories, 60 samples were taken at a time, and then four groups of high-quality liquor samples and four groups of ordinary liquor samples were randomly selected using R language software. The quality of based liquor was evaluated by principal components analysis (PCA) after standardization treatment. The results showed that it was stable that the principal component analysis results of four samples of high-quality base liquors, while those of ordinary base liquors were significantly different. The test of the lithotripsy chart showed that: the fine base liquors had obvious cliff after the first, second and third principal components, while the common base liquor had no obvious cliff after the first principal component. The distribution analysis showed that the peak and thick tail of the density distribution map of high-quality base liquor was obvious, the variance was 0.560, the difference between samples was small, and the content range of aroma were relatively concentrated; the distribution of ordinary base liquor was relatively scattered, the variance was 0.925, the difference between samples was relatively large, and the content range of aroma components were unstable. In the process of Baijiu flavor analysis, the data characteristics of samples should be considered to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the analysis results, so as to guide Baijiu production effectively.