相变材料在夏热冬冷地区建筑围护结构中应用的性能研究

相变材料(Phase change material,PCM)在建筑围护结构中的应用是一种改善室内热环境和居住舒适度的有效方法。为探索相变材料在夏热冬冷地区应用的节能潜力,对比研究了不同相变材料应用方法的节能效果,以能源使用强度(Energy use intensity,EUI)评价不同应用方法的建筑性能,旨在找出最优的应用方法。所用的相变材料以高密度聚乙烯球封装,并嵌入在XPS保温板中,形成XPSPCM板。研究结果表明:在制冷季,将XPSPCM板安装在建筑物墙体内表面时的EUI比其装在建筑物墙体外表面时降低了0.27~0.66kWh/m2,采暖季的降低幅度为0.68~0.88kWh/m2。综合考虑全年工况时,当XPSPCM板安装至建筑物墙体靠近内表面时EUI值最小。以EUI雷达图对比XPSPCM板集中于建筑不同朝向的应用效果,结果显示对于熔点为25℃的相变材料,相变材料集中布置于西向外墙时时建筑能耗最低。

Performance of the Building Envelopes Enhanced by Phase Change Materials in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Region

The application of Phase Change Materials(PCMs)in building envelopes is an effective way to improve indoor thermal environment and residential comfort.To explore the energy saving potential of PCMs in hot summer and cold winter region,this paper compared the energy saving effects of different PCM application methods.The building performance with various PCM application methods was evaluated using energy use intensity(EUI).The PCM was encapsulated in a high density polyethylene sphere and embedded in an XPS thermal insulation panel,forming XPSPCM boards.The results show that the EUI was reduced by 0.27~0.66 kWh/m2 when the XPSPCM board was installed near the inner surface of building walls during cooling season,compared to the case when XPSPCM board was installed near the outer surface of the building walls.The EUI reduction in heating season was 0.68~0.88 kWh/m2.For annual thermal performance,the lowest EUI was achieved when the XPSPCM board was installed to near the inner surface of building walls.In addition,the building performance was better with the PCM concentrated on the south-facing wall than the case with PCM distributed on each wall.For the PCM with a melting point of 25℃,the energy consumption was the lowest when the PCM concentrated on the west-facing walls.