Microfiltration of whey proteins adsorbed on yeast cells |
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Authors: | Bulent Keskinler ,Elif Erhan,Galip Akay,Mukerren Kaya,& Betul Bayguven |
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Affiliation: | Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Institute of Technology, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey; Department of Environmental Engineering, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 3PL, UK; Department of Food Engineering, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey |
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Abstract: | Soluble whey proteins (WPs), adsorbed on yeast cells, were recovered by a crossflow microfiltration (MF) technique using a cellulose nitrate membrane with a pore size of 0.45 μm. The crossflow velocity was 1.5 m s?1 with a transmembrane pressure of 200 kPa at 25 °C. A series of protein rejections occured at various pH values ranging from 2 to 8. WPs adsorbed more on to yeast cells at low pH (pH < 4) than at high pH values, probably because they were positively charged at low pH. It was also shown that permeate flux increased and Modified Membrane Fouling Index values decreased at low pH levels. When the yeast concentration was 50 g L?1, the flux decreased five times compared with that in the absence of yeast. Protein recovery increased with increasing yeast concentrations. The highest protein recovery was found to be 85% at a yeast concentration of 50 g L?1 at a steady state flux rate of 10?6 m s?1 at 25 °C. When diluted solutions of whey were used, the same rejection of protein, adsorbed on yeast cells, was achieved at ten times lower amounts of yeast cells. This technique not only provides for the recovery of protein but also may give rise to the direct use of yeast cells, which are rich in protein, in the baking industry. WPs absorbed by yeast cells can be used to produce nutritionally rich products in areas where yeasts have been already used. |
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Keywords: | Crossflow microfiltration protein recovery whey proteins adsorbed on yeast cells whey treatment |
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