灌区两部制水价政策的经济分析

在对两部制水价政策效应的理论分析基础上，运用湖北漳河灌区农业水价改革调查资料，分析了灌区水价改革的实践效果及其成因。研究表明，两部制水价政策强化了农田灌溉中的水量限制，而忽视了在既定制度约束下农民对水利工程供水的理性需求和灌溉系统的有效供水能力的现实约束。在农业用水交易充满不确定性和水权制度尚未形成的现实条件下，水市场交易的不确定性、水市场信息的不对称性和农田水利投资的滞后性，导致农业两部制水价改革难以达到节约用水和改善水资源分配效应的预期目标。因此，提出灌区两部制水价改革成功的关键在于以交易合约化为核心的农业水市场建设。

Economics Analysis on Two Part Water Tariff Policy Effect in Irrigation Districts

Based on the analysis of two part water tariff welfare effect,the paper discussed the practical results and the issue reasons of water pricing reform in irrigation districts,which based on the investigation data of agricultural water pricing reform of Zhang River irrigation area in Hubei Province.The research indicates that the two water tariff reform emphasized restriction of water quantity in arable land irrigation,but it ignores farmers' rational demand to irrigation works by given institutions and the current budget by the effective supply capability of the irrigation systems.In present condition,agricultural water transaction is full of uncertainty,and the water property system is still not formed.Because of the uncertainty of the water business market,the asymmetry of the water market information,and the delay of irrigation works investment,it is hard to realize the anticipated purpose of economizing water and amending allocation effect of water resource.This article pointed that the key point to succeed in agricultural water price reformation is establishing agricultural water market based on transaction contracts.