堰塞湖灾变特征与应急管理策略

自2008年汶川大地震以来，堰塞湖灾害的应急管理引起了人们的广泛关注。在堰塞湖成因及其灾变特征分析的基础上，给出了堰塞湖应急管理的一般程序，根据分类管理、分级响应和分期处置的原则讨论了堰塞湖应急管理的基本策略。建议将堰塞湖应急管理纳入国家防汛抗旱应急体系的框架之中，但由于其复杂性，短期内应通过各级政府及其应急管理办公室与其他相关部门建立更强有力的协作关系，特别是在信息监测和共享方面，长期应考虑建立区域综合应急机构来应对堰塞湖以及其他灾害和事故。堰塞湖应急管理的重心应放在缓解原生灾害以减小堰塞湖出现几率方面，其中风险区划、监测和信息共享网络建设是应当优先完成的工作。

Evolving Features and Emergency Management of Barrier Lakes

The emergency management of barrier lakes has attracted wide attention in China since the Wenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan province in 2008.The emergency management process is presented on the basis of analyzing the causes and evolving features of barrier lakes.The emergency management strategies system is discussed according to the principles of classified management,graded response and phased treatment.It is suggested that the emergency management system for barrier lakes should be involved in the national flood and drought management framework.Owing to its complexity,in the short term,the emergency management system should be more tightly associated with related administration departments especially in the field of monitoring and information sharing,whereas in the long term,regional integrated emergency management agency should be established.The emergency management should focus on mitigating the primary disasters to reduce the occurrence possibility of barrier lakes.Risk mapping,monitoring and information sharing network construction should be priorities on the agenda.