促进城市的可持续发展:多维度、多尺度的城市形态研究——中美城市形态研究的综述及启示

自20世纪80年代中期开始,人们对城市土地粗放利用、空间无序蔓延的批判和反思,以及对精明城市形态的寻求,重新引起了美国城市规划者和政策制定者对城市形态的研究兴趣.本文综述了美国和中国城市形态研究的主要文献,认为中国的城市形态研究目前主要分别集中于城市地理学、城市规划、建筑和城市设计等领域,尚未进行跨领域的研究.而从过去20多年美国相关研究进展来看,美国的城市形态研究趋向于多尺度下的多维度形态识别,即可分为景观生态、城市经济、城市交通、城市社区以及城市设计等五个维度,分别对应大区域、大都市区、次区域、社区和街区等五个尺度.这些多维度、多尺度的城市形态研究成果对制定城市公共政策有直接相关意义.美国城市形态研究的最新进展不仅可以为中国城市形态研究提供启示,也将为21世纪中国城市塑造更健康、可持续的城市形态提供借鉴.

A Multi-disciplinary, Multi-scale Agenda of Urban Form Studies Toward Sustainable Development: A Literature Review on Urban Form Studies in the USA and China

This paper reviews recent literature on urban form in both China and the USA.Based on the review in China,it shows that research on urban form in China mainly concentrates on?elds such us urban geography,urban planning,architecture and urban design.The review in the USA reveals a multidisciplinary,multi-scale,and policy-oriented agenda.Research involves five disciplines:landscape ecology,economic structure,transportation planning,neighborhood planning and urban design;these disciplines are in correspondence to five scales:regional,metropolitan,sub-metropolitan,neighborhood and blocks.Recent progress on urban form research in the USA will not only shed light on research contents,but also provide implications for the creation of healthier and sustainable urban form in China in the 21st century.