基于补水配置情景的河流水质及环境容量研究

黄河最重要的子流域之一汾河流域是山西省的政治文化中心和重要农业产区，也是全国的主要能源基地，汾河流域目前面临严重的缺水与水生态问题，而生态补水是一项重要举措。为定量评价生态补水对流域水质与水环境容量的影响，本文构建了汾河水质水量联合模拟平台（FRSYS），由5个子模型构成，以污染源调查计算和生态补水配置情景为基础，考虑了两种不同补水方案条件下，对汾河干流30个主要断面的水质状况与水环境容量进行了定量评价。结果表明，汾河流域年排放污染物COD和氨氮分别为5.34和0.96万吨/年，太原及其下游断面未能达到目标要求，太原、临汾断面的水质较差；现状水资源条件下汾河COD和氨氮的容量分别为2.67和0.14万吨/年，生态补水方案可有效改善水质状况，低生态补水方案补水2.5亿m3，对水环境容量影响不大，高补水方案补水3.9亿m3，可相应提高汾河干流COD和氨氮8%和12%的水环境容量。

The simulation of water quality and the water environment capacity of Fen river based on the scenarios of ecological water supplement

As one of the most essential sub basin of Yellow River, Fen River basin is the political and cultural center and important agricultural region of Shanxi province. It is also the main energy output base of China, but nowadays, serious water shortage and ecological problems are putted forward to the basin. Water transfer from other rivers to supplement for the ecology of Fen River is outlined. An integrated water simulate system of Fen River (FRSYE) which composed of 5 submodels is proposed to estimate the affect of water quality and water environment capacity by the supplement. The research based on the survey and calculates of the pollution sources gives the results of 30 major stations of Fen River with the water supplement scenarios. The results shows that the pollution load of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH3-N is 53400 t/a, 9600 t/a in the basin. The water quality of Taiyuan station and its downstream sections exceed the standard for use. Taiyuan and Linfen are the most polluted of all. The river can carry 26700 t COD and 1400 t NH3-N in the case of basic water condition. Water supplement for ecological can improve the environment to a certain extant. The low supplement has a water transfer of 250 million steres with a little effect to the environment capacity and the high supplement with 390 million steres water can improve carrying capacity of COD and NH3-N by 8% and 12%.