电合成过氧化氢电催化剂的设计及进展

过氧化氢（H₂O₂）是一种环境友好的高效氧化剂，被广泛应用于医疗、半导体芯片等行业.利用氧还原法（ORR）电化学合成过氧化氢替代传统蒽醌法极具潜力.为了实现这一工艺的商业化，开发具有高活性、高选择性和长期稳定性的2e^-ORR电催化剂迫在眉睫.本文系统地介绍了目前已有金属与非金属类催化剂的研究历程，特别强调表面基团调控策略，并解析了其对还原过程中间体键位结合强度及电子转移路径的影响.重点阐述电子和几何效应、配位杂原子掺杂和非金属基材料活性位点等关键问题，突出了适当的介观结构工程和动力学策略可进一步优化现有催化剂的催化活性和H₂O₂选择性.最后，指出了非金属催化剂活性中心的探索、电解质环境对催化剂的影响及较大输出功率工业设备的设计等方面的挑战，并对电催化合成过氧化氢领域的发展方向提出了展望.

Recent advances and rational design of electrocatalysts on electrochemical oxygen reduction to H2O2

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is an environmentally friendly and efficient oxidant, which is widely used in industries like medicine and semiconductor chip.The electrochemical synthesis of H₂O₂ by Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) has great potential to replace traditional anthraquinone method.To commercialize this process, the development of 2e^-ORR electrocatalysts with high activity, high selectivity and long-term stability is imminent.Here, we systematically present the research of currently available metal and non-metal based catalysts, with special emphasis on the control strategy of surface groups, and resolves effects on bond binding strength and electron transfer pathways of intermediates in the reduction process.We focus on key strategies such as electronic and geometric effects, coordination heteroatom doping, and active sites of nonmetal-based materials, highlighting that appropriate meso-structural engineering and kinetic strategies can further optimize the catalytic activity and H₂O₂ selectivity of existing catalysts.Finally, we summarize the challenges in exploring the active centers of non-metallic catalysts, the influence of electrolyte environment on catalysts and industrial equipment design with large output power, and prospect the future development in electrocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide.