机床噪声分析与控制

本文论述了机床的噪声源以及噪声频谱分析的方法。齿轮是机床的主要噪壳源之一，但它绝不是唯一重要的因素。除了齿轮之外，影响机床噪声的因素还有很多，如电机、轴承、皮带、高速回转轴的不平衡以及结构振动等等。必须对机床进行噪声频谱分析才能确定它的主要噪声源。本文以YN-01φ400毫米车床和T649镗铣床为例，介绍了各种降低噪声的措施，其中包括：（1）用合理配置筋板的方法限制齿轮箱体的结构振动；（2）对高速回转轴和电机轴进行动平衡；（3）提高齿轮加工精度；（4）用齿顶修缘和阻尼的方法减小齿轮噪声；（5）改进结构设计；（6）提高装配质量。本文最后还论述了一些低噪声机床的设计原则，并且认为这是控制机床噪声的根本途径。

Machine Tool Noise Analysis and Control

This paper discribes the noise sources of machine tools and the methods of noise spectral analysis. Gear drive is usually considered as the main source of machine tool noise, however it is by no means always unique. Besides the gears, thcre are a lot of element affecting maehine tool noise, such as, electrical motors, bearings, belts, unbalanced high speed spindles and constructional vibration and so on. The most important noise source of a specific can only be identified by means of noise spectrum analysis. Taking the type YN-01 lathe (φ400mm) and type T649 boring-milling machine as example, this article presents the experimental results obtained by using various kinds of noise reduction measures, which include mainly: ( 1 ) contral the constructional vibration of gear box, by adding suitable reinforcing ribs, ( 2 ) balance the high speed spindle and the motor shaft, ( 3 ) increase the machining accuracy of gears, ( 4 )reduce gear noise through tooth chamfering and damping, ( 5 ) improve the constructional design, ( 6 ) improve the quality of assembling. Finally some rules for designing low noise machine tools has been laid and considered as the foundamental apprach to Control machine toal noise.