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T 2 relaxometry measurements in low spatial frequency brain regions differ between fast spin-echo and multiple-echo spin-echo sequences |
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| Authors: | Venkateswaran Rajagopalan Mark J Lowe Erik B Beall Guang H Yue Erik P Pioro |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, ND2, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA 2. Human Performance and Engineering Laboratory, Kessler Foundation Research Center, 1199 Pleasant Valley Way, West Orange, NJ, 07052, USA 3. Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA 4. Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Neuromuscular Center, S90, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA 5. Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA |
| Abstract: | ObjectDual-echo fast spin-echo (FSE) sequences are used in T 2 relaxometry studies of neurological disorders because of shorter clinical scanning times and protocol simplicity. However, FSE sequences have possible spatial frequency-dependent effects, and derived T 2 values may include errors that depend on the spatial frequency characteristics of the brain region of interest.Materials and methodsDual-echo FSE and multi-echo spin-echo (MESE) sequences were acquired in nine subjects. The T 2 decay curves for FSE and MESE sequences were estimated and percent error maps were generated. T 2 error values were obtained along each patient’s corticospinal tract (CST). Whole-brain white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) T 2 error values were also obtained. The paired t test was performed to evaluate differences in T 2 values in the CST between FSE and MESE sequences.ResultsHistograms of error values in CST and in whole-brain WM and GM structures revealed systematic errors in FSE sequences. Significant differences (P < 0.001) in CST T 2 values were also observed between FSE and MESE sequences.ConclusionOur findings indicate that T 2 values derived from FSE sequences are prone to large errors, even in low spatial frequency regions such as the CST, when compared to MESE sequences. Future studies should be aware of this limitation of FSE sequences. |
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