Experimental hypothermia: effects of core cooling and rewarming on hemodynamics, coronary blood flow, and myocardial metabolism in dogs

Conflicting results have been reported as to the extent that cardiovascular function can be reestablished after rewarming from hypothermia. We measured hemodynamic function, myocardial metabolism and tissue water content in dogs core-cooled to 25 degrees C and later rewarmed. At 25 degrees C left ventricular (LV) systolic pressure (LVSP) was 54% +/- 4%, maximum rate of LV pressure rise (LV dP/dtmax) 44% +/- 5%, aortic pressure (AOP) 50% +/- 6%, heart rate (HR) 40% +/- 0%, cardiac output (CO) 37% +/- 5%, myocardial blood flow (MBF) 34% +/- 5%, and myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) 8% +/- 1%, compared to precooling. Stroke volume (SV) and LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were unchanged. As normothermia (37 degrees C) was reestablished, the depression of cardiac function and myocardial metabolism remained the same as that at 25 degrees C: LVSP 71% +/- 6%, LV dP/dtmax 73% +/- 7%, SV 60% +/- 9%, AOP 70% +/- 6%, CO 57% +/- 9%, MBF 53% +/- 8%, and MVO2 44% +/- 8% HR, in contrast, recovered to precooling values. The arterial concentrations of glucose and free fatty acids (FFA) did not change significantly during the experimental period, whereas an increase in lactate of nonmyocardial origin appeared after rewarming. Increased myocardial contents of creatine phosphate and water were found during both hypothermia and rewarming. The present study demonstrates a persistent depression of cardiac function after hypothermia and rewarming in spite of adequate energy stores. Thus, a direct influence on myocardial contractile function by the cooling and rewarming process is suggested.