美国核管会关于小型模块堆厂址人口要求的考虑及启示

本文介绍了美国核管理委员会(NRC)关于反应堆选址过程中与人口因素相关的审管要求和评估准则,详细分析了NRC针对小型模块堆对涉及厂址人口要求法规的4种修订方案,提出我国在制定小型堆厂址人口要求过程中需要关注的问题:(1)考虑到总体社会风险并从厂址比选的角度出发,建立一个恰当的反应堆距人口集中居住区(或人口中心)边界的距离是必要的。此外,从纵深防御考虑,小型堆厂址仍然需要与人口集中居住区保持一个适当的距离;(2)基于小型堆选址事故后果及影响范围,建立与大型商用核动力厂相同社会风险水平的评价指标(如事故工况下厂址周围的集体有效剂量)是有益的;(3)公众可接受性和选址政策也是小型堆能否靠近人口集中居住区的重要因素。

Consideration and enlightenment from the population-related siting reqirements of NRC for small modular reactors

This paper introduced the U.S.Nuclear Regulatory Commission(NRC)revision plans for the population-related siting considerations for advanced small modular reactors.Four options including their pros and cons which were developed by NRC for consideration to address siting questions for small advanced reactors had been analyzed in detail.The problems that should be paid attention to during site evaluation process for small modular reactors in China are put forward:(1)Considering the overall social risks and from the perspective of plant site comparison,it is necessary to establish an appropriate distance between the reactor and the boundary of the densely populated center(population center).In addition,taking the defense-in-depth concept into account,the small modular reactor site still needs to keep a proper distance from the densely populated center;(2)based on the radiological consequences and influence scope of the accident of small reactors,it is beneficial to develop an evaluation index with the equivalent social risk between small modular reactors and typical large LWR can be developed such as the collective effective dose around the plant site under accident conditions;(3)the public acceptance and siting policy are the important factors for whether the small modular reactors can be located near the densely populated center.