机械合金化结合放电等离子烧结技术制备热电材料的研究进展

近年来，热电材料研究取得重要突破，不仅传统Bi₂Te₃、PbTe基热电材料性能得到提升，同时还发现一批新型高性能热电材料，如SnSe、GeTe等。热电材料性能的提升不仅取决于材料成分、结构及缺陷，还与制备工艺密不可分。机械合金化（mechanical alloying，MA）结合放电等离子体烧结（spark plasma sintering，SPS）的粉末冶金技术是制备热电材料的重要方法，该方法简单、高效，获得的晶粒尺寸较小，同时可以引入纳米结构和缺陷，有助于降低晶格热导率，获得高热电性能。此外，基于机械合金化结合放电等离子体烧结技术制备出的块体材料具有更优的力学性能，可以有效地增强热电器件的使用寿命。本文介绍了机械合金化与放电等离子体烧结方法制备热电材料的基本原理和关键影响因素，并概述了利用该方法制备的碲化物、硫化物和硒化物基热电材料的研究进展。

Research progress on processing of thermoelectric materials by mechanical alloying combined with spark plasma sintering

The great progress has been made in the research of the thermoelectric(TE)materials in recent years.The thermoelectric properties of the traditional Bi2Te3 and PbTe based materials have been improved,and a series of the original high-performance thermoelectric materials,such as SnSe and GeTe,have also been discovered.The thermoelectric properties of the thermoelectric materials not only depend on the composition,structure,and defects of the materials,but also are closely related to the preparation process.Mechanical alloying(MA)combined with spark plasma sintering(SPS)is an important method to synthesize the thermoelectric materials,which is simple and efficient to obtain the fine-grained microstructures and the nanostructures,leading to the reduced lattice thermal conductivity and the enhanced thermoelectric properties.In addition,the prepared bulk materials have the better mechanical properties,which can effectively enhance the life-time of the thermoelectric devices.The basic principle and key influencing factors of the thermoelectric material preparation by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering were introduced in this paper,and the research progress of the telluride,sulfide,and selenide based thermoelectric materials prepared by this method was summarized.