电动汽车能量存储技术概况

叙述了电动汽车能量存储技术的发展 ,说明了不同类型电动汽车对动力电池的要求不同 ,着重分析了动力电池 (包括铅酸电池、MH Ni电池 ,锂离子蓄电池和ZEBRA电池等 )技术现状以及优缺点。铅酸电池比能量低 ,技术成熟 ,价格便宜 ,在电动车辆中应用普遍。镍金属电池 ,特别是MH Ni电池 ,比能量和比功率较高 ,实现了商品化 ,目前已经作为铅酸电池的可替代动力电池。锂离子蓄电池是动力电池的发展热点 ,与前两种动力电池相比 ,具有更高的比能量和比功率 ,寿命长 ,是一种绿色环保电池。此外 ,对燃料电池、超级电容器和飞轮电池作了扼要介绍。动力电池的发展与电动车辆的需求密切相关 ,目前混合电动车辆发展迅速 ,其辅助动力电池需要高比功率特性 ,以提高车辆的动力性和经济性。

Overview of energy storage technology for electric vehicles

Development of energy storage technology for electric vehicles (EVs) and different requirements of traction batteries for various EVs were stated. The technical status, the advantages and the disadvantages of various traction batteries, such as lead-acid, Ni-Cd, Ni-MH, Li-ion, LPB, ZEBRA, etc., were analyzed emphatically. Lower specific energy it performs, lead-acid battery has been applied in EVs commonly due to its ripe technology and low cost. Nickel metal batteries, especially Ni-MH battery, which have higher specific energy and specific power, have been commercialized and have substituted for lead-acid battery as the power of EVs. Compared with the two batteries mentioned above, Li-ion battery has much higher specific energy, and specific power as well as long cycle life and environmental friendly feature, thus it has been the program of general interest. Fuel cell, supercapacitor and flywheel battery were also introduced. Development of traction batteries are directly interrelated with the requirements of EVs. As the EVs were developed quickly, their auxiliary traction batteries should provide high specific power to improve the kinetic and economic performance.