硫化铜、砷矿物浮选分离的研究进展

随着我国对金属铜资源需求的不断增加,有效处理和高效利用铜矿石对我国的经济建设有着极大的意义,当前大多数硫化铜矿中含砷较高,砷一旦进入自然环境会对环境及人类健康有着极大的危害。由于黄铜矿与毒砂的性质相近且铜离子会对毒砂起到活化作用,这导致铜、砷矿物分离成为一大难题。从砷的抑制方向出发,综述了当前铜砷浮选分离的研究方法和技术,重点介绍了硫化矿降砷抑制剂的应用、溶液离子对矿物的影响及机理、物理化学方法改性的应用。在抑制剂研究方面必须进一步研究其在矿浆中与矿物表面发生作用的机理,从而更加清楚地调控矿浆环境及改变矿物表面性质,增强抑制剂对毒砂的选择性。最后指出,发展新型药剂、采用特定方法改性、利用量子化学理论计算铜、砷硫化矿物的晶体结构与表面性质差异是今后铜砷浮选分离的研究方向。

Research Progress on Flotation Separation of Copper Sulfide and Arsenic Sulfide Minerals

With the increasing demand for metal copper resources in China, the effective treatment of copper ore and the efficient use of copper ore have great significance for China"s economic construction. Currently, most copper sulfide ore contains higher arsenic, once arsenic enters the natural environment, it will cause great harm to the environment and human health. Because of the similar properties of chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite and the activation of arsenopyrite by copper ions, the separation of copper and arsenic minerals has become a major problem. In this paper, the research methods and technologies of flotation separation of copper and arsenic are reviewed from the aspect of arsenic inhibition. The application of arsenic removal inhibitors for sulfide ores, the influence of solution ions on minerals, the mechanism and the application of physicochemical method modification are mainly introduced. In the research of inhibitors, it is necessary to further explore the mechanism of its interaction with the mineral surface in the slurry, so as to more clearly regulate the pulp environment and change the surface properties of the minerals, and enhance the selectivity of the inhibitors to the arsenopyrite. Finally, it is pointed out that the research direction of flotation separation of copper and arsenic in the future is to develop new reagents, to modify by specific methods, and to calculate the difference of crystal structure and surface properties of copper and arsenic sulfide minerals by quantum chemistry theory.