基于结构变形约束的水陆两栖飞机水载荷静力试验载荷优化配平技术

水陆两栖飞机水载荷静力试验主要考核该型机在水面着水工况时的结构强度,包括浮筒着水、船首着水和船尾着水等典型着水工况,由于水陆两栖飞机结构的独特性和载荷的复杂性,即浮筒、船首及船尾类似于悬臂梁结构,且所受水载荷为三维集中压向大载荷,造成考核区域的变形远远大于陆地飞机,该大变形对考核部位垂直方向加载误差高达10%以上,针对此问题,提出了基于结构变形约束的载荷优化配平技术,选取挠度为优化目标,建立平衡载荷计算模型,引入全机总力、总矩平衡方程组,通过对非考核部位的试验配平载荷进行优化,限制了水载荷考核区域的刚体位移,并通过有限元分析和试验方法验证了该载荷优化配平技术的可行性,试验结果表明:采用该载荷优化配平技术能够将垂直方向加载误差控制在1%以内。

Load Optimization and Balancing Technology for Static Test of Water Load Amphibious Aircraft Based on Structural Deformation Constraint

The water load static test of the amphibious aircraft is mainly to assess the structural strength of the aircraft under water surface landing conditions, including typical water landing conditions such as pontoon landing, bow landing and stern landing. Due to the unique structure of amphibious aircraft and the complexity of load, that is, the pontoon, the bow and the stern are similar to the cantilever beam structure, and the water load is the large load of three dimensional concentrated pressure,resulting in the deformation of the assessment area is much larger than that of the land aircraft.This large deformation causes the loading error in the vertical direction of the test site up to more than 10%.Aimed at the above problems, the load optimization and balancing technology based on structural deformation constraint was proposed,and the equilibrium load calculation model was established with the deflection as the optimization objective.By introducing the equilibrium equations of the total force and the total moment of the whole machine,the rigid body displacement in the water load assessment area was limited through the optimization of the test balancing load in the non-test site. The feasibility of the load balancing technology was verified by finite element analysis and test. The results show that the loading error in the vertical direction of the test site can be controlled within 1% by using the load optimization and balancing technique.