溴化N-[3-长链烷氧(双)乙烯氧-2-羟]丙基-N,N,N-三甲基铵的合成及表面活性

以脂肪醇和乙二醇或一缩二乙二醇为原料合成长链烷基（双）氧乙烯醇，收率为７５％。然后在相转移催化条件下和环氧氯丙烷反应得到长链烷基（双）氧乙烯缩水甘油醚，收率为９０％。后者和三甲胺氢溴酸盐反应得到溴化Ｎ ［３ 长链烷氧（双）乙烯氧 ２ 羟］丙基 Ｎ，Ｎ，Ｎ 三甲基铵，收率为９１％。其结构通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和元素分析结果得以证实，测定了其基本的表面活性，产品的表面张力为３７７～４４６ｍＮ／ｍ，临界胶束浓度（ＣＭＣ）为２５７×１０－３～４６×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。

Synthesis of N-[3-Longchain alkyloxy(di) ethyleneoxy-2-hydroxy]- propyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium Bromide and Their Surface Active Properties

Long chain alkyl(di)oxyethyl alcohols were prepared using fatty alcohol, glycol or diglycol as raw materials and the yield was 75%.Then reacted with epoxy chloropropane and long chain alkyl(di)oxyethyl glycidyl ether were abtained in 90% yield.The latter reacted with trimethylamine hydrogen bromide and gave N-3-longchain alkyloxy(di)ethyleneoxy-2-hydroxy]propyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium-bromide.Their structures were confirmed by IR,1HNMR, and elementary analysis.Surface active properties of the products were also determined. Surface tensions of products were 37.7～44.6 mN/m,critical micelle concentrations were 2.57×10~-3～4.6×10~-5mol/L.