从两种变项及其差异看两种逻辑的本质

从传统逻辑变项的特征看,传统逻辑语言是自然语言的语法语言,所以传统逻辑本质上是自然语言的形式逻辑。传统逻辑只注重对自然语言的语法分析,而忽视对自然语言的语义分析,这就不能不产生其所特有的缺陷：一是拘泥于自然语言命题的表层形式,二是命题形式的语义不清。从数理逻辑变项的特征看,数理逻辑语言只是表意符号语言,而不是自然语言的语法语言,所以数理逻辑本质上只是符号逻辑,而不是自然语言的形式逻辑：首先,数理逻辑最多只能用来解释自然语言的逻辑涵义,而不能用来解释自然语言的形式结构;其次,即使是对自然语言作语义解释,数理逻辑也是难以胜任的。

Perceiving the Essence of Two Types of Logic from the Perspectives of Two Types of Variables and Their Difference

Traditional logical language is the grammatical language of natural language given the char-acteristics of traditional logical variables;therefore,traditional logic is essentially the formal logic of natural language.Traditional logic only emphasizes the grammatical analysis of natural language but neglects the semantic analysis,which inevitably leads to two drawbacks,one of which is the restric-tion to the superficial form of natural language proposition,and the other semantic vagueness of propo-sitional form.From the point of view of the characteristics of mathematical logical variables,mathe-matical logical language is only symbolic language but grammatical language of natural language,and thus mathematical logic is essentially only symbolic logic instead of formal logic of natural language. Specifically,mathematical logic can only explain logical connotation of natural language but formal structure of natural language.Besides,it is incompetent even for semantic explanation of natural lan-guage.