秦岭山脉典型流域水系分形特征及空间分异性

将分形理论引入流域地貌形态的定量研究,利用盒维数法计算了秦岭地区22个典型流域水系分维值,分析其与流域形态和水文特征的相关性及空间分异性。结果表明,秦岭地区各流域水系在其无标度区间内呈现良好的分形特征,分维值处于1.033 5~1.079 5之间,相关系数达0.979 5以上;各流域水系分维值与流域形状系数呈正相关关系,与年径流深呈负相关关系,与河流比降呈较复杂多项式关系;秦岭山脉南北两侧水系分维值存在一定自组织相关性,尤以秦岭中部及西部地区较为显著,东部地区差异相对较大。

Fractal Characteristics and Spatial Variability of Typical Drainage Basins in Qinling Mountains

The fractal theory was introduced into the quantitative study of watershed geomorphology. The fractal dimension of 22 typical watersheds in Qinling Mountains was calculated by box dimension method, and its correlation with watershed morphology, hydrological characteristics and spatial differentiation were analyzed. The results show that the fractal dimension of the watershed in Qinling Mountains ranged from 1.033 5 to 1.079 5, and the correlation coefficients are above 0.979 5, indicating that most watersheds in this region have better fractal characteristics in their scale free region. The fractal dimension of each basin is positively correlated with the shape coefficient of the basins and negatively correlated with the annual runoff depth, and there is a complex polynomial relationship with the ratio of the river. The fractal dimension of the watershed on the north and south sides of the Qinling Mountains has some self organized correlation, especially in the central and western parts. In eastern region, the difference of fractal dimension between the two sides is relatively large.