棉花优质高产抗旱节水技术大田试验研究

按照生态农业工程理论和抗旱节水工程技术要求,对棉花转基因抗旱品种、不同密度、不同基肥N、P的施用量进行田间水分胁迫综合试验.经在关中灌区3年试验研究结果表明:密度以每公顷种植7.5万株比种植4.5、6万株分别增产671.854、83.30 kg,增产57.49%和41.36%.品种陕402(早熟)、陕576(中早熟)分别比中棉所41(中熟)增产16.62%和16.17%.施磷酸二铵比尿素增产,每公顷施1502、25 kg分别增产11.35%和10.53%.抗旱节水农业工程育种和农艺节水工程技术结合,不仅可降低生产成本44%~47%,还可提高产量和品质,增收1 050~5 000元/hm2,同时节约了水资源,保护了农业生态环境.

Comprehensive water-saving farming practice for drought-resistant cotton varieties

In accordance with the theory of agricultural ecology and the requirements of water-saving technology,drought-resistant cotton varieties were comprehensively examined at different plant densities and different basal nitrogen and phosphorous rates.The results of the three-year experiment indicated that compared with the yields at 45 000 plants per hectare and 60 000 plants per hectare,the cotton yield at 75 000 plants per hectare increased by 671.85 kg and 483.30 kg,or by 57.48% and 41.36%,respectively.Compared with the yield of Zhongmian 41(middle maturity),the yields of Shan 402(early maturity),and Shan 576(middle early-maturity) increased by 16.62 % and 16.1% respectively.Compared with urea,diammonium phosphate increased cotton yield by 126 kg and the two fertilizers at the rate ranging within 150—225 kg per hectare increased cotton yield separately by 11.35% and 10.53%.With the combination of the anti-drought and water-saving agriculture engineering breeding and agronomic water-saving engineering technologies,the production cost is decreased by 44%-47%,the yield is increased,the quality is improved,and the income is increased by 1 050-5 000 RMB/hm2;at the same time water resources are saved;and agricultural ecological environment is protected.