气候变化对水稻灌溉需水量的影响——以高邮灌区为例

采用FAO56推荐的方法计算了江苏省高邮灌区1955~2007年的水稻灌溉需水量,并通过Mann-Kendall检验对其长期变化趋势进行分析,结合气象因素的变化趋势,分析了气候变化对高邮灌区水稻灌溉需水量的影响.结果表明,由于气温上升和相对湿度下降,在过去的50余年中高邮灌区水稻生育期的参考作物腾发量呈显著上升趋势,在降雨基本无变化的情况下,灌溉需水量有上升的趋势.在不减少灌区水稻种植面积的条件下,应通过节水措施减少水量损失和提高水分利用效率,尽可能地满足灌溉需水要求,降低气候变化对水稻生产的影响.研究结果可为提高水稻灌溉管理水平、应对气候变化的策略研究提供理论依据.

Impacts of climate change on irrigation water requirements of rice: a case study of Gaoyou Irrigation District

Irrigation water requirements of rice in Gaoyou Irrigation District during 1955-2007 were calculated using the FAO56 method; and its long-term trend was detected using Mann-Kendall test. After analysis of trends in meteorological parameters, the impacts of climate change on irrigation water requirements of rice in Gaoyou Irrigation District were investigated. The results show that, due to increased air temperature and reduced relative humidity, there was an increasing trend in the reference evapotranspiration in the last 5 decades; while no trend was detected in the precipitation time series, which contributed an increasing trend in the irrigation water requirements. Finally, strategies for the increased irrigation requirements were discussed. The findings of this work provide scientific base for improving irrigation management for rice and strategies for climate change.