超高压结合酶法消减南美白对虾虾肉中的过敏原

以虾肉为原料，研究超高压对酶法消减南美白对虾虾肉过敏原的强化作用。将南美白对虾去头、去尾、去壳、去肠线后用匀浆机匀浆，制成虾肉酱，分别采用超高压法、超高压处理后再用木瓜蛋白酶水解、超高压条件下直接酶解的方法消减其过敏原，用间接酶联免疫吸附法检测过敏原消减效果，确定消减过敏原的条件。结果表明：采用超高压法处理，其最佳条件为：压力200Mpa、温度40℃、保压时间35min，此条件下产物与抗体反应的OD492nm值为0.1986；先超高压处理再用木瓜蛋白酶水解，其水解的最佳条件为：底物质量浓度10g/100mL、温度60℃、酶与底物质量比1:200，此条件下产物与抗体反应的OD492nm值为0.0487；超高压条件下直接用木瓜蛋白酶处理，其最佳条件为：压力300Mpa、温度40℃、保压时间35min，产物与抗体反应的OD492nm值为0.0516。由此可见，超高压处理对南美白对虾过敏原有消减作用，先超高压处理再用木瓜蛋白酶水解和超高压条件下直接酶处理对过敏原的消减效果更好。

Allergen Elimination from Litopenaeus vannamei Meat by Ultra-high Pressure Treatment Coupled with Papain Hydrolysis

The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic effect of ultra-high pressure treatment and papain hydrolysis on allergen elimination from the meat of Litopenaeus vannamei.Fresh Litopenaeus vannamei was homogenized after removing the head,tail,shell,and catgut.Three methods,ultra-high pressure treatment,ultra-high pressure treatment followed by papain hydrolysis and simultaneous ultra-high pressure treatment and papain hydrolysis were used to eliminate allergens from the Litopenaeus vannamei homogenate.Indirect ELISA was used to evaluate the results of allergen elimination and the optimal conditions for allergen elimination were explored.The results showed that the optimal conditions for allergen elimination by ultra-high pressure treatment were 200 MPa,35 min and 40 ℃.Under these conditions,the optical density at 492 nm(OD492nm) after the reaction between antibody and treated Litopenaeus vannamei homogenate was 0.1986.The optimal conditions for ultra-high pressure treatment followed by papain hydrolysis were substrate concentration of 10 g/mL,hydrolysis temperature of 60 ℃ and enzyme-to-substrate ratio of 1:200,resulting in an OD492 nm of 0.0487.The optimal conditions for simultaneous ultra-high pressure treatment in the presence of papain were 300 MPa,35 min and 40 ℃,which revealed an OD492nm of 0.0516.Based on the above studies,ultra-high pressure treatment is effective for allergen elimination from Litopenaeus vannamei,but inferior to ultra-high pressure treatment followed by papain hydrolysis and ultra-high pressure treatment in the presence of papain.