设施草莓耗水规律及灌水器选型试验研究

以揭示设施草莓耗水规律、明确灌溉器选型模式为研究目的,采用大型称重式蒸渗仪开展设施草莓耗水规律研究。基于生态环境要素构建了设施草莓耗水经验模型,对比试验分析了滴灌带(管)规格对土壤水分均匀度、产量、根系发育等因素的影响,按照需水特征将草莓全生育期划分为4个主要阶段:花芽分化期、越冬期、盛果期、盛果后期。研究表明:(1)设施草莓全生育期的耗水强度随生育期呈现"U"型变化趋势,其中越冬期耗水量最小,试验监测显示设施草莓全生育期(2013年9月5日-2014年5月23日)的耗水量为406mm,日均1.55mm;(2)相关性分析显示叶面积指数对草莓耗水强度影响较小;(3)在试验所处条件下,滴头间距为20cm的滴灌带(管)较为适于设施草莓灌溉。

Field experimental study on water consumption and drip emitter selection of strawberry in solar greenhouse

In solar greenhouse, the evapotranspiration ( ET ) of Strawberry was investigated by the large scale weighting lysimeter method under drip irrigation. A statistic ET model was established with meteorological parameter, and crop coefficients and crop-pan coefficients were presented for each stage, respectively. We divided strawberry growth period into four stages, that were floral bud growing period, over-wintering period, full fruiting period, later fruiting period based on the character of water consumption. The results,1.Facilities of strawberry growth period of the water consumption intensity of whole growth period showed a trend of "U" type change, including over-wintering stage minimum water consumption, the strawberry seasonal ET was 406 mm and the seasonal average ET rate was 1.55 mm/d;2.Correlation analysis showed that leaf area index of strawberry water consumption intensity affected;3.Dripper spacing about 20cm is propitious to irrigation for strawberry.