|
|||||
|
|
Exposure to Pesticides by Medium and Route: The 90th Percentile and Related Uncertainties |
|
| Authors: | D. J. Moschandreas Halil Ari Sudjit Karuchit Yeook Kim M. D. Lebowitz Mary K. O'Rourke Sydney Gordon Gary Robertson |
| Affiliation: | 11Prof., Dept. of Chemical and Envir. Engrg., Illinois Inst. of Technol., 10 W. 33rd St., Ste. 127, Chicago, IL 60616 (corresponding author). E-mail: djm@iit.edu 22PhD Candidate, Dept. of Chemical and Envir. Engrg., Illinois Inst. of Technol., 10 W. 33rd St., Ste. 127, Chicago, IL 60616. E-mail: arihali@charlie.cns.iit.edu 33PhD Candidate, Dept. of Chemical and Envir. Engrg., Illinois Inst. of Technol., 10 W. 33rd St., Ste. 127, Chicago, IL 60616. E-mail: karusud@charlie.cns.iit.edu 44PhD Candidate, Dept. of Chemical and Envir. Engrg., Illinois Inst. of Technol., 10 W. 33rd St., Ste. 127, Chicago, IL 60616. E-mail: kimyeoo@charlie.cns.iit.edu 55Epidemiology, Arizona Prevention Ctr., Coll. of Medicine, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-5163. E-mail: mlebowit@u.arizona.edu 66Envir. and Occupational Health, Arizona Prevention Ctr., P.O. Box 210468, 1435 N. Fremont Ave., Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0468. E-mail: maryk@hrp.arizona.edu 77Envir. Chem., Battelle Memorial Inst., 505 King Ave., Columbus, OH 43201-2693. E-mail: gordon@batelle.org 88U.S. EPA, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478. E-mail: robertson.gary@epamail.epa.gov |
| Abstract: | Multiple route, multiple media distributions of exposure to chlorpyrifos and diazinon and associated uncertainties are investigated using the database generated by the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey in Arizona (NHEXAS-AZ). Exposure to pesticides and associated uncertainties may be estimated using either deterministic or probabilistic methods. This paper employs probabilistic models to estimate the 90th percentile of inhalation, dietary ingestion, dermal, and nondietary ingestion exposures to chlorpyrifos and diazinon. Questions associated with the uncertainty of exposure estimates for the two pesticides are also investigated. Probabilistic models are used to formulate distributions of exposures to each of the two pesticides for several subpopulation groups. Parameter uncertainties associated with the 90th and other percentiles of population and subpopulation groups are addressed in this paper. Highly exposed subpopulations have been defined as those with route-specific 90th percentile exposure that is higher than the population 90th percentile. All subjects exposed to levels above the 90th percentile of inhalation exposure live in dwellings with carpeting covering over 50% of their floor areas. The relative uncertainty of the 90th percentile of dermal exposure is larger than corresponding uncertainties for inhalation, dietary ingestion, and nondietary exposure. |
| Keywords: | |