纺织印染废水处理工艺中微纤维分离及其微观特征

从纺织品中脱落的微纤维作为环境中主要污染物之一,已得到越来越多的关注。以纺织印染废水为研究对象,采集进水段(S1)、初沉池(S2)、二沉池(S3)和出水段(S4) 4个点位的水样,采用过滤-消解的预处理方法从中提取微纤维,并结合体式镜和扫描电子显微镜-能谱仪对微纤维的污染状况和微观特征进行了分析。结果表明,在纺织印染废水处理的各工艺段均发现了微纤维,并且从S1到S4逐级递减,从废水中分离出来的微纤维表现出不同的形貌特征,且表面附着了一些外来物质。在出水中检测到微纤维的个数为9～25个/L,根据污水厂的日处理量,每天排到环境中的微纤维达到2. 7×10~7～7. 5×10~7个。因此应从源头上加以控制,以减少对环境的危害。

Separation and Surface Microcosmic Characteristics of Microfibers in the Treatment Process of Textile Printing and Dyeing Wastewater

As one of the main pollutants in the environment, the microfibers shed from textiles have been paid more and more attention. The textile printing and dyeing wastewater was used as the research object, and the water samples were collected at four points: suction stage( S1 ), primary clarifier (S2), secondary clarifier( S3 ) and discharge stage( S4). The pretreatment of filtration and digestion was used to extract the microfibers from the wastewater samples of each process section. The pollution status and microcosmic characteristics of microfibers were subsequently analyzed by volume mirror and scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectrometer. The results showed that microfibers were discovered in every process unit, and gradually decreased from S1 to S4. The microfibers isolated from the wastewater showed different morphological characteristics and some foreign substances were attached to the surface. The abundance of microfibers detected in the effluent was from 9 particles/L to 25 particles/L. According to the daily capacity of the WWTP, the abundance of microfibers discharge" into the environment reached 2. 7 × 10^7 - 7. 5 × 10^7 particles per day. Therefore, it is necessary to control the amount of microfibers from the source to reduce the harm to the environment.