基于现场测试的硬岩掘进机振动特性

硬岩掘进机(tunnel boring machine,简称TBM)在滚刀破岩力的强冲击激励下振动剧烈。从激励、结构和边界条件等方面分析TBM的振动机理,指出TBM动力学理论建模的难点,提出基于现场振动测试研究TBM振动特性和指导理论建模。根据施工环境,确定TBM现场振动测试方案,包括测试系统组成、测点布置和数据采集,应用于实际工程中TBM掘进振动加速度测试,基于现场测试数据分析TBM的振动特性。结果表明,主轴承附近电机测点的振动加速度有效值达20~30m/s~2,主梁、撑靴测点的振动加速度达到3~6m/s~2,刀盘驱动系统的振动频率较高,支撑-推进系统的振动频率较低,TBM子结构表现为多模态耦合振动。现场测试揭示了振动机理,为TBM动力学建模分析和减振设计提供了技术依据。

Study on Vibration Characteristics of Tunnel Boring Machine Based on Field Test

Tunnel boring machine (TBM) vibrates strongly under rock breakage forces. In this paper, a vibration mechanism analysis of TBMs is presented considering the influences of excitation, structure and boundary conditions. Also, the challenging issues in TBM dynamic modeling for vibration analysis is discussed. Furthermore, the study of the vibration characteristics of TBMs based on vibration data from field test is proposed to help dynamic modeling. The test system, the distribution of measurement points and the way to collect data are determined for the field vibration test under tunneling sceneries. Vibration acceleration data is obtained from a field test in an actual tunneling project and dynamic characteristics of TBM is analyzed based on the collected acceleration data. The results show that the root mean squares of vibration acceleration at the measurement points near main bearing and motors reach 20~30 m/s2, those at main beam and grippers reach 3~6 m/s2. The peak frequencies of cutter head driving system are much higher than those of support-thrust system, and the vibrations of sub-structures of TBM are multi-mode coupled. Vibration mechanism of TBM is revealed by the field test, providing a reference for dynamic modeling, theoretical or numerical analysis, and vibration reduction of TBMs.